I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Essay -- Maya Angelou

In the refreshing I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou goes from a little southern black girl who wishes to be a a long and platinum-blonde haired, light-blue eyed, clean-living girl, to a very produce young adult that is proud of her race. Throughout s (Mayas) life she goes through with(predicate) many difficulties and triumphs. most of which a person could neer imagine of going through. Maya goes from world a very shy and strange black girl, to a certain and self-confident young woman. In I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou, has to deal with evil, rape, and also the issues of abandonment in her course of becoming a mature woman.I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings takes place in the mid-thirties to the 1940s. During this time period Blacks were discriminated against. Being a child in this period, Maya experiences how difficult life is with prejudice mess. For example, with all the discrimination going on, Maya wishes to be a dust coat girl. She says Wouldnt they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black monstrous dream, and my real hair, which was long and blond, would take the place of the kinky host that mummy wouldnt let me straighten? My light-blue eyes were going to hypnotize them.....Then they would look why I had never picked up a Confederate accent, or spoke the common slang, and why I had to be forced to eat pigs pursue and snouts. Because I was really white and because a cruel sprite step incur, who was understandably jealous of my beauty, had turned me into a too-big Negro girl, with nappy black hair, broad feet and a space between her teeth. She experiences how mean and harsh white people are to the black people. For example, Maya saw her grandmother Momma be insulted by a bunch of powitetrash kids. They were making fun of how she was standing on the former porch and how she was sing Church songs. After getting bored of mocking her, one of the girls had revealed herself to Momma. Throughout the com plete episode Momma stood straight and stiff and kept humming her Hymns. This showed Maya that a black person doesnt have to always react to what white people say or do towards them. Being strong and screening that a person is not afraid is the best thing to do when being harassed. Momma also contributes to Mayas maturing by Maya starts to take pride in her race even with all the prejudice. Momma stands up and speaks out to the white dentist, which was... ...a lesbian or not. So, without help from her mother she goes to the first guy she sees and has sex with him. If her mother had not let her alone and guided her through this problem she would never had done this. In doing this she becomes pregnant. This is when Maya really matures and learns that she must grow up. Without any guidance through her life she never knew the difference between right or wrong. All the times that she was dilapidated or not guided through her childhood resulted in her getting pregnant. If Maya was neve r abandoned from her parents and other people then maybe she would have never made these bad choices. During this time period and living in the South, it makes Mayas life difficult to experience. She grows up very fast and learns about things that a linguistic rule child or teenager would not know at this time. She matures quickly by the discriminations, her rape, and being abandoned throughout her childhood. As a teenager, Maya seems to be an aged woman because of all the difficulties and the triumphs that she has gone through. Today, kids are growing up very quickly, and they need the help of adults and examples from adults to understand whats going on around them. I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Essay -- Maya Angelou In the novel I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou goes from a little southern black girl who wishes to be a a long and blonde haired, light-blue eyed, white girl, to a very mature young adult that is proud of her race. Throughout s (Mayas ) life she goes through many difficulties and triumphs. Some of which a person could never imagine of going through. Maya goes from being a very shy and strange black girl, to a certain and self-confident young woman. In I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou, has to deal with prejudice, rape, and also the issues of abandonment in her course of becoming a mature woman.I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings takes place in the 1930s to the 1940s. During this time period Blacks were discriminated against. Being a child in this period, Maya experiences how difficult life is with prejudice people. For example, with all the discrimination going on, Maya wishes to be a white girl. She says Wouldnt they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair, which was long and blond, would take the place of the kinky mass that Momma wouldnt let me straighten? My light-blue eyes were going to hypnotize them.....Then they would understand why I had never picked up a Southern accent, or spoke the common slang, and why I had to be forced to eat pigs tails and snouts. Because I was really white and because a cruel fairy stepmother, who was understandably jealous of my beauty, had turned me into a too-big Negro girl, with nappy black hair, broad feet and a space between her teeth. She experiences how mean and harsh white people are to the black people. For example, Maya saw her grandmother Momma be insulted by a bunch of powitetrash kids. They were making fun of how she was standing on the front porch and how she was humming Church songs. After getting bored of mocking her, one of the girls had revealed herself to Momma. Throughout the whole episode Momma stood straight and stiff and kept humming her Hymns. This showed Maya that a black person doesnt have to always react to what white people say or do towards them. Being strong and showing that a person is not afraid is the best thing to do when being harassed. Momma also contributes to Mayas matur ing by Maya starts to take pride in her race even with all the prejudice. Momma stands up and speaks out to the white dentist, which was... ...a lesbian or not. So, without help from her mother she goes to the first guy she sees and has sex with him. If her mother had not let her alone and guided her through this problem she would never had done this. In doing this she becomes pregnant. This is when Maya really matures and learns that she must grow up. Without any guidance through her life she never knew the difference between right or wrong. All the times that she was abandoned or not guided through her childhood resulted in her getting pregnant. If Maya was never abandoned from her parents and other people then maybe she would have never made these bad choices. During this time period and living in the South, it makes Mayas life difficult to experience. She grows up very fast and learns about things that a normal child or teenager would not know at this time. She matures quickly by the discriminations, her rape, and being abandoned throughout her childhood. As a teenager, Maya seems to be an older woman because of all the difficulties and the triumphs that she has gone through. Today, kids are growing up very quickly, and they need the help of adults and examples from adults to understand whats going on around them.

Juveniles and Drug Abuse in America :: Substance Abuse Essays

Juveniles and Drug Abuse in AmericaA drug is a substance that modifies one or to a greater extent of the bodys functions when it is consumed. Therefore, many common foods qualify as drugs. According to this definition, some of our some cherished beverages such as tea, coffee, and cola are drugs. however this paper focuses on drugs that are abused by teenagers. Surveys show that cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and inhalants are the most commonly used drugs among teenagers age thirteen through eighteen. One of the most startling findings from recent data is the degree to which to which teenagers are now involved in drug use. This drug abuse problem has gotten worse. Perhaps our society must hit rock bottom before changes can occur. According to the Michigan Institute for Social research, account statemented the results of their 1992 and 1993 national survey of nearly fifty gigabyte American high school students across the country ages thirteen through eighteen. Studies show that a gra dual decrease in the use of most extracurricular drugs by younger people. The peak year for illicit drug use by high school seniors was in 1980. The 1992 and 1993 surveys reported an alarming shift, a down in the mouth but statistically probative increase in the use of several drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, heroin, and inhalants. This survey attributes the increase in drug use to students sensed risk or danger in using a particular drug. In 1992, thirteen year-olds were less likely to see cocaine, crack and marijuana as dangerous. But in 1993, at that place was a significant increase in marijuana use by seventeen and eighteen year olds and a significant increase in marijuana use by thirteen year-old students. Cocaine use by seventeen and eighteen year olds declined in 1992. However there was a significant increase in cocaine use by thirteen year-old students between 1991 and 1992.In 1993, cocaine use increased for all ages thirteen through eighteen. Every teenager has used d rugs at least once in their life. The literature review confirmed that teenagers engage in drugs on a daily basis. According to the National Survey on Drug Abuse conducted in 1997 and 1998, more than one-fourth (28.2 perecent) of the youth aged thirteen to eighteen report that marijuana experiences, and about four percent used cocaine, 1.1 percent admits to using heroin, and nine percent used inhalants. These statistics are about the same as the statistics in 1992 and 1993. Youngsters take drugs for many different reasons.

Henry IV, Act 5, Scene 4 :: William Shakespeare

In travel 5, scene 4, the play reaches a dramatic climax. Due to the murder of Richard II, an act of regicide, it throws the country into ruction as Henry IV is crowned king and since this event, he has struggled to keep the country unified. Throughout the play, Hal, Henrys son, has developed his character, he begun as a degenerate, spending each his time in taverns, keeping his company with criminals and peasants until the time when he realises his destiny and becomes the Prince of Wales. The relationship between the King and the Prince was awful at the startle of the play, Henry axiom him as useless and idiotic, as he spent his time with the lowest class of throng, thieves and criminals and for this reason, Henry wished that Hotspur would be his son. But soon, their relationship ameliorate as Hal admit his responsibilities when Hotspur revolted against the King. This new-found love is emphasised when Henry shows his concern for Hal at the beginning of act 5, scene 4. Hal?s m etamorphosis is seen by the country as a profound thing because during the civil war, if Hotspur would be the victor, he would divide the country and this would upset the people, possibly leading to another revolt, the reason for this being that the people are use to the country being unified as one. However, if the King and Hal?s army are victorious in defeating Hotspur, the divine order would be restored and the country would remain in a state of unification.For the first key section of Act 5, Scene 4 opens on the battlefield with King Henry, Prince Hal, whoremaster of Lancaster and Westmoreland taking the stage. On the stage, I would choose to give a sense of tension to the scene, showing discarded toolry lost on the ground, with some of the latterly deceased clutching to their weapons to insinuate that as the battle rages on, the blood spilt is growing at an alarming rate and many already lie dead. Also, to show that the king is be at his camp, I would have tents with the king?s colours fluttering in the wind. I would have Henry taking centre stage with his weapon sheathed as at this time, he is more concerned over his now loyal son, Hal who by aiding his father in his time of need, is redeeming himself. Secondly, I wouldHenry IV, Act 5, Scene 4 William ShakespeareIn act 5, scene 4, the play reaches a dramatic climax. Due to the murder of Richard II, an act of regicide, it throws the country into turmoil as Henry IV is crowned king and since this event, he has struggled to keep the country unified. Throughout the play, Hal, Henrys son, has developed his character, he begun as a degenerate, spending all his time in taverns, keeping his company with criminals and peasants until the time when he realises his destiny and becomes the Prince of Wales. The relationship between the King and the Prince was awful at the beginning of the play, Henry saw him as useless and idiotic, as he spent his time with the lowest class of people, thieves and criminals a nd for this reason, Henry wished that Hotspur would be his son. But soon, their relationship improved as Hal acknowledged his responsibilities when Hotspur revolted against the King. This new-found love is emphasised when Henry shows his concern for Hal at the beginning of act 5, scene 4. Hal?s metamorphosis is seen by the country as a good thing because during the civil war, if Hotspur would be the victor, he would divide the country and this would upset the people, possibly leading to another revolt, the reason for this being that the people are used to the country being unified as one. However, if the King and Hal?s army are victorious in defeating Hotspur, the divine order would be restored and the country would remain in a state of unification.For the first key section of Act 5, Scene 4 opens on the battlefield with King Henry, Prince Hal, John of Lancaster and Westmoreland taking the stage. On the stage, I would choose to give a sense of tension to the scene, showing discarded weaponry lost on the ground, with some of the recently deceased clutching to their weapons to imply that as the battle rages on, the blood spilt is growing at an alarming rate and many already lie dead. Also, to show that the king is remaining at his camp, I would have tents with the king?s colours fluttering in the wind. I would have Henry taking centre stage with his weapon sheathed as at this time, he is more concerned over his now loyal son, Hal who by aiding his father in his time of need, is redeeming himself. Secondly, I would

Intelligence Essays -- essays research papers

Intelligence(what it is, and what it is not)Today more hence ever one fuck sit back and look expose upon the world around them. whiz can look in the homes and see the children busy with homework. One can see the computers sorting through mass amounts of information. One can also see nature exist as it has for countless years. Over history as the Human race has developed it has taken a fascination in the world around it. Its main query is what separates it from the rest of what can be found on this sm exclusively blue greenness planet called Earth? One of the commonly held answers to this is intelligence but what is intelligence? What has it and what dose not? This is what shall be covered through the duration of this paper.Intelligence- The ability to do by the information found in ones surroundings and use it to make a logical decision based on more then just environmental stimuli. The ability to store that information until it is further needed. The ability to build upon the previously known information to help to improve the conditions of that beings existence. This definition covers all the main points in which an intelligent being should have. This said there may result some confusion as to what certain words imply, because of this the next few sentences shall be devoted to clearing such confusion. The first word is surroundings Surroundings are the habitat or environment in which that being can be found. Logic is the...

Marketing Essay -- Business, Customer Satisfaction

This evidence is a critical literature review of Relationship merchandising in relation to customer gratification and customer loyalty. In this review, I will grant a brief orientation of family merchandise identify the different dimensions of kinship marketing and critically analyse the concept of relationship marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Leahy (2011651) defined relationship marketing as attracting and keeping customers for a long period of time. Relationship marketing is used by watertights to change consumer attitudes and increase the frequency of purchase in a business development marketing techniques such as promotions and advertising. According to Ndubisi and Chan (2005), relationship marketing provides an organisation the luck to be forward thinking with regards to getting access to the right information round their customers in order to meet the customers require effectively, efficiently and gain competitive advantage. On the o ther hand, as a result globalisation, Geddie et al. (2005) viewed Relationship Marketing through the prism of technology because businesses read the opportunity to store vital information on their customers shopping habit in their databases thereby, using it to their advantage in providing a better customer service and establishing a long-term relationship with their clients resulting in increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Peppers et al. (1999) referred to relationship marketing as one-to-one marketing and suggested that businesses must be dynamic and dissipated in their approach and response to individual customers needs which are ever-changing and unpredictable. Therefore, organisations must be hustling to provide bespoke products or services that meet... ..., Leahy (2011) notes that even if a firm using databases that has allowed them to reach all their customers, that does not mean they are maintaining the relationship with their customers successfully. as yet a cus tomers perception of relationship is not rated highly neither is it valued because customers view it impersonal and they are very suspicious of the firms motives (Leahy, 2011453). With technology, firms have been able to contact customers ab kayoed adverts and promotions but that does not mean an active relationship exists between both parties. Customers interest in what brands have to offer them and is of a great interest to them et, they male parentt value firms trying to establish a relationship with them. It might help if firms decide to gestate at other avenues of trying to reach out and establish close relationships with their customers so it can be effective. Marketing Essay -- Business, Customer SatisfactionThis essay is a critical literature review of Relationship Marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In this review, I will provide a brief orientation of relationship marketing identify the different dimensions of relationship marketing and critically analyse the concept of relationship marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Leahy (2011651) defined relationship marketing as attracting and keeping customers for a long period of time. Relationship marketing is used by firms to change consumer attitudes and increase the frequency of purchase in a business using marketing techniques such as promotions and advertising. According to Ndubisi and Chan (2005), relationship marketing provides an organisation the opportunity to be forward thinking with regards to getting access to the right information about their customers in order to meet the customers needs effectively, efficiently and gain competitive advantage. On the other hand, as a result globalisation, Geddie et al. (2005) viewed Relationship Marketing through the prism of technology because businesses have the opportunity to store vital information on their customers shopping habit in their databases thereby, using it to thei r advantage in providing a better customer service and establishing a long-term relationship with their clients resulting in increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Peppers et al. (1999) referred to relationship marketing as one-to-one marketing and suggested that businesses must be dynamic and fast in their approach and response to individual customers needs which are ever-changing and unpredictable. Therefore, organisations must be prepared to provide bespoke products or services that meet... ..., Leahy (2011) notes that even if a firm using databases that has allowed them to reach all their customers, that does not mean they are maintaining the relationship with their customers successfully.Yet a customers perception of relationship is not rated highly neither is it valued because customers view it impersonal and they are very suspicious of the firms motives (Leahy, 2011453). With technology, firms have been able to contact customers about adverts and promotions but that do es not mean an active relationship exists between both parties. Customers interest in what brands have to offer them and is of a great interest to them et, they dont value firms trying to establish a relationship with them. It might help if firms decide to look at other avenues of trying to reach out and establish close relationships with their customers so it can be effective.

Marketing Essay -- Business, Customer Satisfaction

This essay is a critical literature review of Relationship Marketing in coincidence to client satisfaction and customer loyalty. In this review, I will provide a brief orientation of kinship market identify the different dimensions of family relationship marketing and critically analyse the concept of relationship marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Leahy (2011651) defined relationship marketing as attracting and keeping customers for a long period of judgment of conviction. Relationship marketing is used by firms to change consumer attitudes and increase the frequency of purchase in a business victimization marketing techniques such as promotions and advertising. According to Ndubisi and Chan (2005), relationship marketing provides an organisation the opportunity to be forward thinking with regards to getting door to the right information about their customers in nine to meet the customers needs effectively, efficiently and gain competitive ad vantage. On the other hand, as a terminus globalisation, Geddie et al. (2005) viewed Relationship Marketing through the prism of engineering because businesses have the opportunity to store vital information on their customers shopping habit in their databases thereby, using it to their advantage in providing a better customer service and establishing a long-term relationship with their clients resulting in increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Peppers et al. (1999) referred to relationship marketing as one-to-one marketing and suggested that businesses must be dynamic and fast in their approach and response to individual customers needs which argon ever-changing and unpredict satisfactory. Therefore, organisations must be prepared to provide bespoke products or services that meet... ..., Leahy (2011) notes that even if a firm using databases that has allowed them to reach all their customers, that does not mean they are maintaining the relationship with their customers su ccessfully.Yet a customers perception of relationship is not rated highly neither is it valued because customers view it impersonal and they are precise suspicious of the firms motives (Leahy, 2011453). With technology, firms have been able to contact customers about adverts and promotions but that does not mean an active relationship exists between both parties. guests post in what brands have to offer them and is of a capacious interest to them et, they dont value firms toilsome to establish a relationship with them. It might champion if firms decide to look at other avenues of trying to reach out and establish close relationships with their customers so it can be effective. Marketing Essay -- Business, Customer SatisfactionThis essay is a critical literature review of Relationship Marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. In this review, I will provide a brief orientation of relationship marketing identify the different dimensions of relationship marketing and critically analyse the concept of relationship marketing in relation to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Leahy (2011651) defined relationship marketing as attracting and keeping customers for a long period of time. Relationship marketing is used by firms to change consumer attitudes and increase the frequency of purchase in a business using marketing techniques such as promotions and advertising. According to Ndubisi and Chan (2005), relationship marketing provides an organisation the opportunity to be forward thinking with regards to getting access to the right information about their customers in order to meet the customers needs effectively, efficiently and gain competitive advantage. On the other hand, as a result globalisation, Geddie et al. (2005) viewed Relationship Marketing through the prism of technology because businesses have the opportunity to store vital information on their customers shopping habit in their databases thereby, u sing it to their advantage in providing a better customer service and establishing a long-term relationship with their clients resulting in increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. Peppers et al. (1999) referred to relationship marketing as one-to-one marketing and suggested that businesses must be dynamic and fast in their approach and response to individual customers needs which are ever-changing and unpredictable. Therefore, organisations must be prepared to provide bespoke products or services that meet... ..., Leahy (2011) notes that even if a firm using databases that has allowed them to reach all their customers, that does not mean they are maintaining the relationship with their customers successfully.Yet a customers perception of relationship is not rated highly neither is it valued because customers view it impersonal and they are very suspicious of the firms motives (Leahy, 2011453). With technology, firms have been able to contact customers about adverts and promoti ons but that does not mean an active relationship exists between both parties. Customers interest in what brands have to offer them and is of a great interest to them et, they dont value firms trying to establish a relationship with them. It might help if firms decide to look at other avenues of trying to reach out and establish close relationships with their customers so it can be effective.

The Importance Of Depreciation Expenses

Depreciation as a concept and in practice plays a very important role in a companys hard currency feast hence in funding. The reasons are basically two, firstly because depreciation is a way of self finance for an organization and secondly because is a way of change magnitude taxes that the government claims as the company doesnt have to pay taxes on depreciation which consequently enlarges the cash flow of the company. As a term depreciation in accounting is the process of allocating the cost of a capital asset over the period of its useful lifetime.Depreciation takes into account the decrease in the service potential drop of capital assets invested in a business venture, resulting from such causes as physical wear and tear in ordinary use, deterioration by natural elements or obsolescence caused by technological changes. Basically depreciation is a loss in value or a diminishment in market price of a dear always taking the time factor into account. Depreciation is a rate of c hange in value in an asset fixed or authoritative compared to the present value of that asset.For example if a company purchases machinery for the production of a certain product the management must take under consideration the equipments life cycle, meaning that this machinery has a certain period of time in which it can contribute to the production before it becomes useless. Useless in a sense of a newer machine will be invented in some years which will be probably faster or more capable to produce give quality. The time factor of course always varies depending on the asset.For example the usefulness of a computer may be three years before it needfully replacing, as for a construction may be fifty years. A Mercedes caravan for instance in year 2000 could be purchased at the value of 13 million drachmas and its productive life span before it needs to be replaced will probably be 8 years. After the 8 years the van purchased would cease from being of any productive use to the com pany and if it needs to be resoled its market value would have depreciated drastically due to the time pine away from the initial purchase.Its devaluation is its year zero value less an annual percentage of the devaluation process updated annually. But depreciation doesnt apply only to current assets but similarly is applicable to fixed assets as well. Buildings are losing their value too taking the time scale factor under consideration again. If a new building in year 1980 was valued 100 million drachmas as a newly built structure its value by the year 2030 will be definitely decreased by the depreciation rate estimated.The most widely used method to calculate depreciation is the so called straight line method, in which the rate of depreciation is constant for the entire working life of the capital assets. Thus, if a machine cost 1 million 100 thousand drachmas and is simulated to have a 10 year useful life and a scrap value of 100 thousand drachmas at the end of 10 years, the step of annual depreciation would be 100 thousand drachmas and the annual depreciation rate 10 per cent.Which is the annual depreciation divided by cost disconfirming scrap value. Because depreciation is subtracted from the assets of a financial statement it is not a subject to taxation therefore the company has automatically achieved a higher cash flow status by depreciating its assets, the worth of its capital value. This can be visible from the following cash flow calculation.

Classroom Behavior Managment: Common Mistakes Essay

Mistakes atomic number 18 common land in the classroom, but there argon tips on how to manage your classroom that will eliminate the chaos and attend to your students learn. Prevention is an effective form of doings management. From the beginning you need to establish a solidifying of rules and regulations so that the students know your expectations. There are twelve common classroom behavior management mistakes, but are followed by suggestions as to what we should do instead. The systems should be able to meet the changing needs of the classroom and students.The startle few mistake rules are basic concepts that teachers need to know. One is being able to define misbehavior by its function not by how it waitresss. bend two and three is to assess the behavior directly instead of asking a question or approaching the problem in a dissimilar way instead of trying harder for it to work. Number four is to set and establish classroom rules right away, but do not have too more beca use it makes it more difficult for both the teacher to enforce and students to comply. The fifth one is to treat some behaviors as cant dos like lose of skills not each as wont dos as in lack of motivation. Number six is an easy fix by provision transition time appropriately instead of lack of planning.Number seven has true knowledge by ignoring wisely instead of ignoring all or vigor at all. Make sure to understand what you should ignore and what you should not. Number eight moves onto misuse and overuse of time out. The students reinforcement opportunities are pull back when in time out. Moving onto number nine is that you should have clear expectations of your students that you reinforce consistently. Your students are more likely to obey when the teacher is consistent than when they are inconsistent. Number tens mistake is not including others in your management efforts. The classroom will be more effective if parents, students and others are involved. Number eleven and twe lve are about using academic instruction as a tool and taking the misbehavior professionally not personally. A brief review on the common mistakes is useful for developing a comprehensive behavior management plan.ReflectionI enjoyed reading material this article because the main thing I fount for when I go into my field experiences is the different classroom settings and figuring out how each classroom is run differently. Teachers have their own behavior management techniques and they all handle situations differently. This article is really going to help me in my future because I now know the common mistakes teachers make and I can look for them when I am in my fields. I thought that this article was well written and gave just enough information and examples for each mistake. What I think is almost important is prevention because if you can stop it before it starts then hopefully you illuminate the problem all together. I really do believe in getting the ground rules set early s o that the students know your expectations.You should not over load them with tons of rules but if you have a good set of four to six rules that could govern classroom situations then I believe that you will have less behavioral problems. I think that this article is worthwhile and I would recommend it to other teachers because maybe by me passing on this article I could help another teacher get their class behavior under control. Some teachers are old fashioned and need new direction and passing an article on like this one could be ripe for any teacher. I really thought that this article was knowledgeable. I learned more than I thought I would and any teacher would benefit from reading and applying this to their classroom.

Herman Miller

HERMAN MILLER 1. Describe Herman Millers scheme. Is there evidence it has produced a competitive advantage and good monetary performance? Explain. They focus on a growth strategy, through and through innovative products and production processes. Reinvention and renewal. They survived the Great Depression and multiple recessions, recovered from the dot-com bust and were commensurate to continue expanding overseas. They adapted to save the company, by introducing new designs.In 1996, Herman Miller began an aggressive drive to reinvent its operations and established a fruitful kinship with the Toyota Supplier Support Center. Unique to the office furniture industry, the relationship enabled the company to adopt and implement world-class, lean manufacturing processes based on the Toyota Production System principles. by the Herman Miller Production System (HMPS), the company dramatically reduced manufacturing square footage and inventories, cut lead times for standard product from 8 w eeks to as belittled as 10 days, and significantly grew sales and profitability.Another component of the HMPS lean initiative focuses on the companys people and their development, complementing Herman Millers abundant history of employee participation. Herman Miller believes its success in achieving operational excellence depends on the motivation and thinking of its people to solve problems and drive improvement. -They focus more on high quality products that is why they were not dramatically hit by competition from overseas, also because they were already in some of these markets.Theyre manufacturing strategy modified fixed production bell by outsourcing component parts from strategic suppliers, which increased variable nature of its cost structure, which is their competitive advantage, which is reflected in their financial performance, from 2006-2010 their consummate(a) profit margin remained relatively constant. Top to bottom it works/ demonstrate their business in their ow n office. All employees are cross trained. Flexible manufacturing where a production line can do multiple jobs Both differentiation and low cost provider increase their margins . How have the companys value shaped its strategy and hail to strategy execution? Provide illustrations of how these values are reflected in company policies. They treat all workers as individuals with special talent and potential. They respect all employees, which fuelled the quest to tap the diversity of gifts and skills held by all, in an environment where people felt comfortable taking risks. In 1950, developed a Scanlon Plan (productivity incentive plan), which reflects values, equity and justice for everyone in the company.Employees felt empowered a new manager took his safety glasses off and an employee yelled at him to put his safety glasses back on. The companys beliefs were also reinforced through the employee gift committee and environment quality action team, which distributed cash and other res ources based on employee involvement. They became a responsible corporate citizen through minimizing their waste which was both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Shared gains and pains. Top executives took 10% abide cuts consecutively to avoid letting staff go, received less than competing firms top executives, which shows their commitment to the team.They have committees for sharing ideas on improvements and how to increase profitability. Even through project purple, one out 1000 companies would do that, increasing spending for the sake of tomorrow while cutting back to survive today, they worked as a team for a common goal, leadership and decision making was shared within the team and across the organization. Their values carried over to all functional areas of business. 3. What is your military rating of HMIs financial performance? How does its performance compare to prior years? the competition?Their financial performance is not bad, considering they were able to rec over from many recessions. From 2006-2010 their swinish profit margin remained relatively constant, however during hard times when sales dropped by 19% in 08 and 09 current liabilities were a little higher than mutual and net profit margins began falling from 7. 6% to 4. 17% and 2. 15% in 2010. Which the whole industry took a hit with external trends on the rise telecommuting which decreased the need for office equipment for all employees, increase toward ergonomically correct office furniture, competition from overseas cost of raw materials.Revenues are falling 4. Until 2003, HMI offered lifelong employment. How did this pattern affect the companys ability to staff the organization with managers and employees capable of executing the strategy? How did this practice build the organizational capabilities required for successful strategy execution? It enabled them to hire people that had talents and skills that match the needs and wants of the commercial enterprise, they redesigned benefit plans to be more portable, to decrease the cost of changing jobs for employees whose gifts and talents no longer matched node needs.Its bundled capabilities are yielding a sustainable competitive advantage, by retaining employees. 5. Do non-monetary incentives facilitate strategy execution at HMI? Explain. Yes, it becomes engrained in the employees, part of their values and beliefs. The concierge service goal is to provide employees with assistance and help to be successful balancing responsibilitiesat work and home. 6. Describe the goal at HMI. Would you characterize HMIs culture as healthy and largely supportive of good strategy execution? Explain. Yes as, Herman Miller instituted a formal program of participative management.An organization of employee-owners, the company is committed to problem-solving design, hard quality, and customer satisfaction. Herman Miller instituted an employee stock ownership program in 1983. To aid the decision-making process, Herman Mille r uses a performance indicator, measurement, and compensation system called Economic Value Added. EVA is an informal measurement of operating and financial performance that is linked to incentive compensation for all employee-owners, allowing the company to shift its focus from budget performance to long-term continuous improvements and the creation of economic value.The result is a highly motivated and business literate workforce that challenges convention and strives to create increasingly greater value for both customers and owners. Every month the company and all employees review performance in terms of EVA, which has proven to be a strong corollary to shareholder value. The responsibility of employee ownership requires capable people to meet high expectations. Herman Miller believes that inclusiveness is critical to the companys successtoday and for the future. 7. What recommendations would you make to Herman Millers CEO Brian baby carriage to improve the companys current fin ancial performance?Does the company need to radically alter its strategy because of poor economic conditions? Should it improve its approach to implementing the strategy to reduce costs and improve efficiency? Explain. I would recommend maintaining the current strategy of being the most innovative company, however reduce costs and improve efficiency as they did to weather the storm in the previous recession. Open new market by providing products at a lower cost same quality though and target schools hospital and nursing homes.

Multi-Modal Transport System Effects on Selection of Global Supply

UNIVERSITY OF GLAMORGAN BUSSINESS SCHOOL orbicularization of Logistics and Supply Ch personal Selection Of Global Supplier Over Local Impacts On Sustainability of Supply Chain discover words Sustainable Supply Chain, Multi- modal/Intra-modal Transport, Transport orders, Logistics, Operations, Sustainability, Triple bottom line Aqeel Iqbal 15-Apr-13This paper is conceptualizing on junto of transport modes makeup use to fight down sustainability in their add chain by keeping the carbon foot print to minimum, this paper utilizes desk suspense to evaluate the impact of this show up on the institutions who pick ball-shaped suppliers over local evaluating the trade-offs these arrangements demand to make in order to maintain an equilibrium of sustainability in their furnish chain concluding on the circumstance that dep force outent on an organisational willingness to be purlieually sustainable future most practices dont impoverishment a choice of cost over environment alone some need sacrifice of at least one to maintain sustainability. Introduction This research paper is aimed to critically evaluate and answer the research suspense of how selection of global over local suppliers affects organisations sustainable supply chain strategy while con fountring the impact of multi-modal/intramodal choice and what trade-offs does these organisations need do in order to reach out this?To answer this research question it is essential to address two wide areas in business literature, gaining an understand of what these areas really mean to an organisational operational strategy prototypal being identification of different intramodal/multimodal transport choice employ in local and global supply imprisonment whereas the second to critically evaluate why priority is given by different organisations to select global suppliers over local, while achieving reasoning from prospective of different Industries and organisations within those industries for t he trades-off they are willing to do in order to implement selected means in to practice, while maintaining the sustainability of their supply chain. This paper divided into four nterlinked move will use desk search to grasp understanding on wide topics of present transportation modes, multi-modal/intramodal transportation system, and sustainability of supply chain (foc using on logistics and operation function) and Impacts of selecting global supply chain dividing each part by sub-research questions asked to the reader at end of each part While concluding the paper on the plan that selection of the mode depends on trade-offs an organisations is willing to make between being ecological sustainable to cost and service. Transportation modes at present In the nonecurrent decades the transportation system has been regarded as a separate function and an additional cost to the organisations supply chain (Huge-Brodin, 2013) which has also often been likened with the objective of cost m inimisation rather than a nourish adding factor (Cunningham, 1982).However, this long-established concept has been critiqued to be a value added activity in the supply chain from literature of twenty first century (E. Bo and Hammervoll, 2010 lode best practice, 2013 Huge-Brodin, 2013) based on the emerging demand for advanced logistics services and the globalization trends, demand in cutting of crest period, all of a sudden product life cycles, and increased technology use and outsourcing trends (Anthony D. Ross, 2012). This notion has lead organisations consider flexible and effective freight flow which can match and put through organisation needs leechlike on their market and environment (Cunningham, 1982 Murphy and Farris, 1993 Huge-Brodin, 2013).In order to understand how to use the right transportation mode freight apparent movement it is eminent to know different transportation methods employ by organisations at present and critically evaluate the advantages and disadv antages of each of them (see vermiform appendix A & B). (cecal appendage A&B) does not show one of the major transport mode pipeline mainly because of its use in movement of specific kind of freight like vegetable oil and gas thus not firmly a modal choice it has a full(prenominal) initial cost of setup plainly is full real cost effective and environment friendly (CEFIC, 2011 encumbrance best practice, 2013). There are four major categories of freight transport used presently landlocked water and sea, air, pipeline, and land.Whereas most literatures in the past categorised land into sub modes in order to evaluate the effectiveness of them as Road and Rail (Murphy and Farris, 1993 Freight best practice, 2013) thus for the purpose of this paper five inclusive the sub categories will be used. Maria Feo-Valero and her colleagues (Feo-valero, Menendez and hidalgo, 2011) in a review to bibliography has highlighted Freight treasure Of Time (FVOT) as a scale for the methods of trans port mode selection based on the rate of substitution between travel cost and judgment of conviction called value of cartridge clip (VOT) as different modes vary majorly in consciences of amount they carry in given time and the cost to the organisation (Feo-valero, Menendez and hidalgo, 2011) .As different organisations in the same industries have different priories of transport mainly dependent on their locations, sustainability, market share, quantity, size and weight of inventories (Carter and Rogers, 2008 Meixell and Mario, 2008) as an example retail industry consists a combination of deep-sea mode which commute inventories internationally (may contain inventories for various competitors within the same region in a container (Fawcett and Mangan, 2002 Pettit, Liu and Beresford, 2011)) then through all rail or channel depended on inventory size, weight, type and location of main warehouse and sustainable practice of the organisation is selected from which may be distributed vi a road transport either to depot or directly to the retail store (Wu and Dunn, 1995 Huge-Brodin, 2013). The FVOT value has been an important addition to the logistics planning following the concept of cost drop-off with less(prenominal) recognition over time but similar frameworks illustrate results which have been used to optimize time and cost of transportation of freight (Murphy and Farris, 1993 Carter and Rogers, 2008).Which lead managers and academics to a conclusion that combination of to a greater extent than one mode is in general profitable to organisation (Murphy and Farris, 1993) but depended on type of freight and relative length but is it that simple in present earth? Multimodal/ Intermodal Transportation System Multimodal and intermodal being the two words used in literature with synonymous heart and soul of usage of one or more than than one mode of transport innocently interoperated occasionally. Thus it is important to address this for the purpose of this pap er intra-model transport with however one significant difference to multimodal is that the freight being transported are not handled on every occasion when the mode of transport is changed (Freight best practice, 2013) in encounter to multi-modal where freight are andled each time for example in case of container caring automobile that arrive at deep sea port is overt and cars remove from the container are loaded on a auto-transport trailer to carry by the trailer to showroom (Worthington and Britton, 2006). For the purpose of this paper multi-modal will be used to demonstrate more than one of transport. Multi-modal transportations have answered to the cost reduction of the orthodox literature on reduction of cost and time freight transport as discussed earlier in the retail example for the ship carrying inventories of different competitors in a shared container reducing cost by sharing of container, and dependent on the agile approach of any of these competitor time frame of gett ing inventors from deep sea port to stores can be reduced by using road mode rather than rail (Logistcs Cluster, 2011).As the field of transportation evolved Deregulation of the rail and trucking industries, implementation of innovative manufacturing strategies such as Just in Time (JIT),increased emphasis on quality solicitude (Meixell and Mario, 2008) and stakeholder (R. E. Freeman, 1984) consideration have all contributed to cause complexity in transportation selection (Murphy and Farris, 1993) developing the handed-down view of just selecting the mode and type of carrier (Meixell and Mario, 2008). In present time logistics/operation manages are bound to understand the Industries challenges faced by the organisation as explained by (Meixell and Mario, 2008) in their paper comparing Transportation capacity shortage, and multinational growth, Economies of scale and scope, Security concerns, Environmental and energy used.As research carried by (Pettit, Liu and Beresford, 2011) on the extraction and transportation of iron ore from Australia to China utilizing multimodal transportation relied on more convectional mode of transport Deeps Sea for country to country transportation but other than that saw were some limitations imposed on multimodal transport elections for bulk cargoes. As Iron ore flows are typically as high volume high weight low value and transhipment is time consuming, energy intensive and expensive thus minimising the modes of transportation and limiting large number of transhipment mensess. As the research question point out need to investigate the sustainable options to transport the next parts of the essay will achieve an understanding Is global multi-modal transportation a sustainable option for an organisations supply chain and what trade-offs are organisations willing to make in order to implement this modal in their supply chain?In order to answer this it is critical to first grasp an understanding of what sustainable supply chain means to an organisation? Sustainability of Supply Chain Shareholder speculation stating the organisations primary focus being increasing shareholders wealth (Friedman, 1970) has overly been critiqued by the stakeholder theory over the topic of ill consideration of environmental and social sustainability (R. E. Freeman, 1984 Jensen, 2002 Murphy, 2012). Sustainability as defined by (Worthington and Britton, 2006 510) An approach to economic growth and development which takes account of the social and environmental consequences also referred to as the triple bottom line approach (Elkington, 1994 Carter and Rogers, 2008 Seuring and Muller, 2008).Supply chains by definition necessitate organisations to work collectively with the purpose of adding value to the customer by physical movement of goods. In present gentlemans gentleman combination of different supply chains have come together to form a supply web (Poter. M. E, 1985,1996 Handfield and Nichols, 2002). As the research question only if relates with the impact of the multi-modal choice impact on the supply chain thus functions supporting function from Poters value chain model are side lined and emphases is given on the inbound/outbound logistics and operations (Poter. M. E, 1985,1996) value chain model (explaining supply chain as a combination of value adding activates within an organisational structure).Inbound/Outbound logistics being one of the most important function of the supply chain (Carter and Rogers, 2008) has been linked to sustainability because of inclusion of one the most costly and environmentally harmful sub-function (transport function) in it (Huge-Brodin, 2013) as according to (CEFIC, 2011) report Transport including freight accounts for 20% of all EUs green house gas emissions which was intercommunicate to raise to 30% by 2020 if precautions are not taken. Sustainability a wide topic in itself has been of great interest to all the stakeholders in present time especially to customers, g overnments and non-Governmental organisations (NGOs) Pressurising organisations to operate in environmental and social friendly manner and demanding transparency from organisation supply chains (Carter and Rogers, 2008 CEFIC, 2011 Freight best practice, 2013). This transparency majorly impelled y corporate reporting, Interoperable software and globalization of supply chains making it hard and risky for an organisation to do corporate unethical activities (Carter and Rogers, 2008)as in case logistics external stakeholders are mainly interested in the economical and the environmental impact on sustainability for example raised awareness in sustainability of environment presently as consumers face at carbon foot print (total amount of carbon emission done in to getting the product to the end user (Freight best practice, 2013))before purchase of a product (Anthony D. Ross, 2012) Carbon footprint is one of most important variable, while calculating environmental sustainability (Anthony D. Ross, 2012 Carter and Rogers, 2008 Feo-valero, Menendez and hidalgo, 2011).As all trio Economical, social and Environmental impacts are considered while making a mode selection, (Carter and Rogers, 2008) drew a wider picture of implications in the their version of triple bottom line(3BL) (see Appendix C)by including the risk solicitude, organisational culture, transparency and organisational strategy as the factors basing the triple bottom line of an organisation. Whereas placing a question mark at being good which relates the social and environmental factors of 3BL following the viewpoint of some scholars like (Walley and Whitehead, 1994) stating environmental and social initiatives are costly undertakings (Carter and Rogers, 2008).In contrast to statement by (Walley and Whitehead, 1994) some logistics and operations functions fall in the category of being sustainable in all forms as resulted in a study done in 1980 on 45 firms in Denmark results show suggested 20 out of 45 to be cost saving options (Dielman and de Hoo, 1993) for example economical routing of transport, reducing packaging, improving operational order in warehouses and having fuel efficient transportation, (Carter and Rogers, 2008) and reverse logistics for some Industries as the fabricated metal products industry and electric/electronic products industry used as topic of research by (Talbot, Lefebvre and Lefebvre, 2007).According to (Wagner, 2005) In practice, organisation try hard to achieve a win-win situation when considering the economic and the environmental aspect but when it comes to trade-offs based on the analysis of all on that point dimension (Seuring and Muller, 2008) have rated the economic dimension of being the most important from the view of the organisation explaining the notion that without economic success, there would be no supply chains whereas trade-offs between environmental and social dimension dictions have not been clear (Wagner, 2005). This now leads to the question of Are global multi-modal sustainable and what trade-offs does an organisation need to make while selecting them? Global Supply chain Impacts and Trade-offs Following the challenges faced by the organisations highlighted earlier in the paper by (Meixell and Mario, 2008).As different Industries operate in different ways and organisations within those industries may also differ in operation and strategy example form the fashion retail industry being Zara fashions, number one fashion retailer of the world benefited with highly agile supply chain function highly integrated communication and inventory management system (Euromonitor International , 2011) . Where as in comparison its nearest competitor GAP utilizing a more leaner approach to reduce the uncertainty twain organisations being global brands but with different operational strategies and possessing their own comparative advantage within fashion industry.As both these companies source some of their products from global suppliers but because of difference in organisational strategies and core competency rely on different sources as Zara with its most of its operations and headquarters in Spain use more European to aid its agile approach with tradeoffs cost to small batches of inventory levels at each store every fourth week (Euromonitor International , 2011 Paloma Diaz Soloaga and Mercedes Monjo, 2010) making Zara environmentally and economical less sustainable to GAP but Zara make that up with local most manufacturing locally in Spain (Euromonitor International , 2011). As the research question converse the notion of impacts of selecting a global supplier over local supplier it is important to address the reasons for selecting one? As some nations are more comparative than other nations as explained by (Porter, 1990) possessing a unique quality that attracts organisations to select global supply chains rather than local mostly looking for economic sustainability (Yip, 1989 Elkington, 1994 Seuring and Muller, 2008).Organisations deciding to select a global supplier than a local supplier decreases environmental sustainable supply chain but mostly has an opposite impact on economically. Successful businesses respond to both internal and external changes and amend their strategist in the same manner. In order to ain supplies globally even with increased pressure from customer demands of being green and highly imposed governmental regulations in most regions around the globe organisation in turn making diction hard for logistics managers to do certain trade-offs to maintain sustainability on cost, quality and service, while limiting dangerous emissions to automatic teller (IBM, 2008).Managers qualification an operational strategy of an organisation analyse cost and profit in perspective of corporate goals and objectives. The main Trade-offs linked to each part of sustainable supply chain as in acquisition of raw materials sourced by inbound logistics, involves purchasing purch ase of green raw material may be costly to normal material leaving a trade-off to buy form low cost supplier or environmentally friendly. Organisation indoor(prenominal) to stay sustainable only trade from suppliers that are certified to International Organization of Standardization standards (ISO) has lead organisations dealing in third world countries with less awareness of ISO regulations to find alternative sources of suppliers (Wu and Dunn, 1995 Anthony D. Ross, 2012).The selection of the vendor will also influence the transpiration mode of selection as for example in third world countries there is lack of infrastructure of trains is not of high speed and precise in timing as in European countries which causes delays, unpredictability and also be unsustainable by possessing extra cost and additional CO2 emissions where as some dont have facility of using road rail combination at all, in both cases trucks to transport goods from remote locations of railway station or deep seapo rts may increase the Carbon foot print more than of that of a normal raw marital bought from a local supplier (Wu and Dunn, 1995).Smart Packaging is another part of logistics in which organisation can do trade-off to stay environmentally sustainable as global supplies use containers to send bulk of goods packed together reducing packaging and material handling be another way is being minimizing protection packaging can improve space utilization and reduce handling cost (Sony Global, 2012) at each point of transportation reducing carbon footprint. Lean approach within the supply chain makes it environmentally sustainable but adds usage of ware housing costs with storage of goods in oppositions to widely uses JIT approach (smaller regular shipments) (IBM, 2008) as warehousing occupies excess and and generation of excess packaging waste hat can be reduced by using a local supplier as organisations trade-off of selecting a leaner approach while selecting a global supplier being risk of excess inventories stuck with in the warehouse with an unpredictable customer demand (Wu and Dunn, 1995) as demonstrated by Appendix D demonstrating an example of descent of all variables of trade-off while comparing operational strategies with shipment consolidation used by IBM (IBM, 2008) to explain effects on environment. Reverse logistics have understand this problem of excess cost of packing and return items by the customers to be sent upstream to supplier using standardized renewable packing (Walley and Whitehead, 1994 Wu and Dunn, 1995 Anthony D. Ross, 2012)but when considering a global supplier it will be addition cost of transportation to the organisation using reverse logistics resulting in excess waste creation an unsustainable option (Talbot, Lefebvre and Lefebvre, 2007 Feo-valero, Menendez and hidalgo, 2011).Information and communications (ICT) can also played an important role in sustainable global supply chain substituting Information with inventory levels (Wu and Dunn, 1995) devising the right routs and knowing the exact times inventory arrivals, conciliation of shipments and optimising waste by minimizing large number of suppliers to just few, maximizing truckload in forward and back supply chain over all removing uncertainty of supply chain (Mason, Lalwani and Boughton, 2007) the tradeoffs of the initial cost of implementing the ICT systems in organisation to long term sustainable benefits (IBM, 2008 Feo-valero, Menendez and hidalgo, 2011 Sony Global B, 2012).Dependent on the trade-off an organisation is willing to make over cost, service or environment organisations can select a sustainable multimodal method of transport(see Appendix E ) as trade-offs may vary according to selection of a local supplier. Conclusion This paper was aimed to answer question of how selection of global suppliers affects organisations sustainable supply chain strategy in light of multi-modal choice while considering the impact and what trade-offs does these org anisations need do in order to achieve a sustainable supply chain? It is best to conclude this paper at notion of Industries and organisations vary in the need of supply chains dependent on the variants discussed in the paper taken as a whole, these factors explained by (Carter and Rogers, 008 Meixell and Mario, 2008) play a very important role in selection of mode transport and over all operation strategy and an organisation should assess the trade-offs based on these factors. Whereas overall the decision of using or changing the multi-modal used depends on an organisational willingness to be environmentally sustainable future most of the changes are both cost and eco friendly whereas some require to long protesting one on other. 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